O Level/IGCSE Business Studies Notes by Shahraiz Chishti- 121- Read and Write

Features:

– Sufficient for excelling at both Paper 1 and Paper 2.
– Complete course outline, paper pattern with concerned percentages
– Concise yet comprehensive enough to be used as a quick revision guide.
– Important topics discussed in greater detail to cater syllabus 7115 for O level and requirements.

The book can be used as a primary text for covering the syllabus and at the same time can be used as revision text as it is written in a concise manner.

The language used is simplistic so that students of all backgrounds/language ability can engage with the content of the book. Exam questions are not present in this book so it is highly suggested that students solve Past Papers to understand the paper pattern.

The Author Mr Shahraiz Javed Chishti completed his MBA/BBA in Marketing and media with minor in social sciences from LSE and did his O levels from Aitchison College Lahore. The author has been a renowned teacher of O/A Levels Business, Commerce and Social Sciences.

He has not only been a teacher but a debates coach as well. He has coached parliamentary debates and Model United Nations to multiple schools and was also the Co-Coach for the Pakistan team that went to the World Schools debating championship held at Stuttgart Germany.

Topics covered

Following topics are covered in this book in the same order

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Syllabus
Paper Pattern

Ch: 1 & 2 Business Activity and Types of Businesses

Needs
Wants
Factors of productions:
The economic problem:
Opportunity cost:
Specialization
Goods vs
Private sector activities
Public ownership
Privatization:

Ch: 3 Enterprise, Business Growth and Sales

Enterprise and Entrepreneurship Entrepreneur
Characteristic of successful entrepreneurs
Why should governments support business startups
Value of sales
Which method should you choose?

Ch: 4 Types of Business Organizations

Private Sector
Partnership
Private Limited Companies
Public Limited Companies
Co-operatives
Close Corporations:
Joint ventures
Franchising
Public Sector
Municipal enterprises

Ch: 5 Business Objectives and Stakeholders Objectives

Business objectives
Stakeholder Groups

Ch: 6 Motivation Theories

Motivation
Motivation Theories
F(121 Business Studies O Level Notes by Shahraiz Chishti)
Maslow
Herzberg
McGregor
Why do people work?
Wages
Motivating factors – non-financial motivators
Job satisfaction:
Job rotation:
Job enlargement:
Job enrichment:
Autonomous work groups or team-working:
Leadership
Formal and informal groups
Formal groups in business
Informal groups in business

Ch: 7 Organizational Structure

Delegation
Functional departments
Decentralisation
Role of Managers
Trade Unions

Ch: 8 Recruitment, Training and Human Resources

Recruitment and selection
Job Analysis and Description:
Job specification
Advertising the vacancy
Internal recruitment
External recruitment
Job advertisement
Applications forms and CVs/résumés
Interviews
Rejecting unsuccessful applicants
Workforce planning
Dismissal and Redundancy

Ch: 9 Communication in Business

Formal Communication
Informal Communication
Methods
Motivation and Communication
Effective communication
Barriers to Successful Communication
How to Improve Communication
Grapevine
Direction of communication

Ch: 10 Marketing

What is marketing?
Product-orientated and market-orientated businesses
What is marketing
The Marketing department
The objectives of marketing
SWOT analysis
Market segments
The marketing mix
Four C’s:

Ch: 11 Market Research

Why is market research needed?
Primary research

Ch: 12 Marketing Mix Product

Product
Types and classification
Development phase

Ch: 13 Pricing Strategies

Price Elasticity of Demand
Cost-plus Pricing Strategy

Ch: 14 Promotions

Promotion
Legal and other constraints
Internet

Ch: 15 Place

Channel of Distribution
Agents
Retailer

Ch: 16 Marketing Strategy

Legal constraints on marketing
Ch: 17 Production
Operations department:
Stock control and inventory control
Lean Production Techniques
Kaien
TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS

Ch: 18 Break Even and Business Costs

Costs
Break Even Analysis

Ch: 19 Quality

What is quality
Quality Control
Quality Assurance
TQM (Total quality management)

Ch: 20 Factors Affecting Location

Factors affecting the location of a manufacturing business
Factors affecting the location of a retailing business
Factors that influence a business to relocate either at home or abroad
Factors affecting the location of a service sector business
Roles of legal control

Ch: 21 Financing Activities

Working Capital
External Sources of Finance
Other Sources of Finance
Factors Influencing Choices of Finance

Ch: 22 Cash Flow

Cash Flow Statement
Limitations of Cash Flow
Causes of Cash-Flow Problems
Increase cash inflows

Ch: 23 & 24 Income Statement and Balance Sheet

Income Statement
Assets
Trade Receivables (Debtors)
Accounts/Trade Payable (Creditors)
Goodwill

Ch: 25 Ratio Analysis

Profitability
Liquidity

Ch: 26 Government and Economic Influences on Business

Government economic objectives:
Low inflation:
Low levels of unemployment:
Economic growth
Balance of payments
Fiscal Policy
Monetary policy

Ch: 27 Environment and Ethics

Externalities

Ch: 28 Business in the International Economy

Globalization
Points for globalization
Multinational company
References