O Level Physics Revision Notes

SI Units: The International System of Units is one of the most widely used system for taking and recording measurements. Prefixes: Sometimes a physical quantity is too big or too small to be conveniently expressed in basic units. Then prefixes are used. These are multiples or decimals of ten.

Distance: It is defined as the total path length taken between two points. It is a scaler quantity. Its SI Unit is metre, m. Displacement: It is defined as the change of position of a point in a particular direction. It is a Vector quantity as it has both magnitude …

Force: A force is a pull or push that one object exerts on another which produces or tends to produce a motion, stops or tends to stop a motion. Force = Mass * Acceleration SI unit: Newton (N)     F =MA Force Can Cause: A Stationary object to start …

Mass: Mass is the measure of amount of substance in a body. (Irrespective of its shape, location and speed. Mass depends on the number and composition of atoms and molecules. SI unit: kilogram (kg) Remember: mass is a scalar quantity. Mass can’t be changed by location, shape and speed of …

Moments: The moment of a force is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force. Moment of force =  Force × Distance SI unit: Nm (Newton per metre) It is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude …

Pressure is defined as the force acting per unit area. SI unit: Pascal (P) or Nm-2 Pressure In Liquids: Pressure in liquids is given by the formula: Pressure = density × gravity × height Pressure increases with the depth and density of the liquid. While calculating pressure in liquids height …

Work: Work done by a constant force is given by the product of the force and the distance moved in the direction of the force. Work = Force (N) × Distance (m) The SI unit for work is Joule (J). Remember: Work is not done when The direction of the …

Teperature: It is the degree of hotness or coldness. As it refers to how hot or cold the object is . Heat: Heat refers to the amount of thermal energy that is being transferred from a hotter to a cooler region. Constructing A Thermometric Scale: Choose a thermometric substance. Mercury …

Heat Capacity: It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a body by 1 K (or 1 degree c) Symbol for heat capacity – C Unit – Jk-1 or J°C-1                            Where is the heat energy absorbed and  is the change In temperature. Specific Heat Capicity: It …

Wave: A wave is a phenomenon, in which energy is transferred through vibrations. Properties: The source of any wave is vibration Waves transfer energy from one point to another. In waves, energy is transferred without the medium being transferred. How Waves Are Formed: There are two ways to form a …