Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylic Acids are homogenous Series/ organic compounds containing the (CO2H) group. General Formula:   CnH2n + 1 COOH Functional Group: Carboxylic Acids are not HydroCarbons, as they contain Oxygen in their Compounds. Hydro Carbonds are those organic compounds containing only Hydrogen and Carbon. Properties Of Carboxyic Acids: All of …

Macro Molecules: Macro Molecules, are large molecules, made by joining together of many small molecules. This process of joining together smaller units into a large macro molecule polymer is called polymerization. Monomer: Small molecules, that join together to form one large polymer molecules. There are two kinds of polymer: Synthetic …

SI Units: The International System of Units is one of the most widely used system for taking and recording measurements. Prefixes: Sometimes a physical quantity is too big or too small to be conveniently expressed in basic units. Then prefixes are used. These are multiples or decimals of ten.

Distance: It is defined as the total path length taken between two points. It is a scaler quantity. Its SI Unit is metre, m. Displacement: It is defined as the change of position of a point in a particular direction. It is a Vector quantity as it has both magnitude …

Force: A force is a pull or push that one object exerts on another which produces or tends to produce a motion, stops or tends to stop a motion. Force = Mass * Acceleration SI unit: Newton (N)     F =MA Force Can Cause: A Stationary object to start …

Mass: Mass is the measure of amount of substance in a body. (Irrespective of its shape, location and speed. Mass depends on the number and composition of atoms and molecules. SI unit: kilogram (kg) Remember: mass is a scalar quantity. Mass can’t be changed by location, shape and speed of …

Moments: The moment of a force is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force. Moment of force =  Force × Distance SI unit: Nm (Newton per metre) It is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude …

Pressure is defined as the force acting per unit area. SI unit: Pascal (P) or Nm-2 Pressure In Liquids: Pressure in liquids is given by the formula: Pressure = density × gravity × height Pressure increases with the depth and density of the liquid. While calculating pressure in liquids height …

Work: Work done by a constant force is given by the product of the force and the distance moved in the direction of the force. Work = Force (N) × Distance (m) The SI unit for work is Joule (J). Remember: Work is not done when The direction of the …

Thermal energy always flows from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower temperature. Conduction: Conduction is the process of thermal energy transfer without any flow of the material medium Conduction occurs mostly from solid to solid due to molecular vibration. The particles at A absorbs heat energy …