O Level Economics (2281) Topical Paper 2- Past Papers with Mark Schemes – 142- Read and Write

Article Number 142 Topical Past papers include widest range of past paper questions without missing any question from the range of years. By using this book you can ensure A+ grades in Final Examination.

Salient Features:

• All Variants
• Classified subtopics
• Mark schemes included
• References of repeated questions added
• Questions order new to old
• Unsolved.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT – 1 BASIC ECONOMIC PROBLEM
1.1 FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
1.2 OPPORTUNITY COST AND SCARCITY (BASIC ECONOMIC PROBLEM)
1.3 PRODUCTION POSSIBILITY CURVE
UNIT – 2 DEMAND SUPPLY AND EQUILIBRIUM
2.2 DEMAND
2.3 MARKET EQUILIBRIUM & CHANGES IN EQUILIBRIUM
UNIT – 3 ELASTICITY
3.1 PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND (PED)
3.2 PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY (PES)
3.3 ELASTICITY AND TAX INCIDENCE
UNIT – 4 PRODUCTION AND COST
4.1 PRIMARY, SECONDARY & TERTIARY SECTORS
4.2 TYPES OF COSTS
4.3 DIVISION OF LABOUR AND SPECIALIZATION
4.4 ECONOMIES & DISECONOMIES OF SCALE
4.5 SMALL FIRMS
4.6 SOURCES OF GROWTH OF FIRMS & INTEGRATION
4.7 PROFIT MAXIMISATION
UNIT – 5 TYPES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
5.1 TYPES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
5.2 MULTINATIONALS
UNIT – 6 MARKET STRUCTURES
6.1 MARKET STRUCTURES
6.2 ARE MONOPOLIES ARE ALWAYS BAD FOR CONSUMERS?
UNIT – 7 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS & ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
7.1 PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR
7.2 LABOUR INTENSIVE VS CAPITAL INTENSIVE METHOD
7.3 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
UNIT – 8 MARKET FAILURE
8.1 SOCIAL COSTS AND BENEFITS
8.2 CAUSES OF MARKET FAILURE
8.3 WHY GOVERNMENT PRODUCE GOODS & SERVICES
8.4 GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND THEIR LIMITATIONS
UNIT – 9 LABOUR MARKET
9.1 FACTORS DETERMINING WAGE RATE
9.2 WAGE DIFFERENTIALS
9.3 TRADE UNIONS
9.4 FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF OCCUPATION
9.5 TYPES OF PAYMENTS
9.6 CHANGES IN EARNING IN LIFETIME
UNIT – 10 SPENDING, SAVING AND BORROWING
10.1 MOTIVES TO SPEND OR SAVE
10.2 SPENDING PATTERNS
UNIT – 11 GOVT INTERVENTION
11.1 TYPES OF TAXES SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
11.2 DIRECT & INDIRECT TAXES
11.3 REASONS FOR TAXATION
11.4 OBJECTIVE AND FINANCE OF GOVERNMENT SPENDING
11.5 GOVERNMENT BUDGET
UNIT – 12 MONEY AND BANKING
12.1 FUNCTIONS OF MONEY
12.2 FUNCTION OF CENTRAL BANK
12.3 FUNCTION OF COMMERCIAL BANK
UNIT – 13 NATIONAL INCOME, AD & AS
13.1 NATIONAL INCOME
13.2 AD AND AS
UNIT – 14 INFLATION
14.1 MEANING OF INFLATION
14.2 CAUSES OF INFLATION
14.3 MEASUREMENT OF INFLATION
14.4 EFFECTS OF INFLATION
14.5 ACTUAL VALUE VS PERCENTAGE VALUE

UNIT – 15 EMPLOYMENT & UNEMPLOYMENT
15.1 MEANING OF UNEMPLOYMENT
15.2 TYPES & CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
15.3 EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
15.4 FULL EMPLOYMENT
UNIT – 16 ECONOMIC GROWTH
16.1 ECONOMIC GROWTH
16.2 CAUSES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
16.3 MEANING AND MEASUREMENT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH

UNIT – 17 POPULATION
17.1 FACTORS OF GROWTH IN POPULATION
17.2 AGEING POPULATION
17.3 TYPES OF POPULATION AND EFFECTS OF GROWTH IN POPULATION
UNIT – 18 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & STANDARD OF LIVING
18 STANDARD OF LIVING
18.1 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
18.2 ABSOLUTE VS RELATIVE POVERTY
18.3 CAUSES AND POLICIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & POVERTY
UNIT – 19 INTERNATIONAL TRADE
19.1 REASONS FOR SPECIALIZATION AND TRADE
19.2 METHODS OF PROTECTIONISM
19.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FREE TRADE AND PROTECTIONISM
UNIT – 20 EXCHANGE RATE
20.1 MEANING OF EXCHANGE RATE
20.2 EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEMS
20.3 EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES
20.4 ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGE OF EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM
20.5 CAUSES OF EXCHANGE RATE DEPP/APP
UNIT – 21 BALANCE OF PAYMENT
21.1 BOP ACCOUNTS
21.2 CAUSES OF BOP DEFICIT/SURPLUS
21.3 EFFECTS OF BOP DEFICIT OR SURPLUS
UNIT – 22 GOVERNMENT MACROECONOMIC INTERVENTION
22.1 MACROECONOMIC AIMS & CONFLICTS
22.2 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES FOR CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
22.3 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT
20.4 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES FOR INFLATION
20.5 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES FOR MULTIPLE AIMS

UNIT – 23 OTHERS
SECTION A   202
J04/P2/Q1
N04/P2/Q1 DECLINE IN WORLD SUPPLY OF COTTON
J05/P2/Q1 EUROPEAN RECESSION
N05/P2/Q1 LESOTHO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
J06/P2/Q1 DEMAND FOR OIL IN INDIA
N06/P2/Q1 TRADE AND PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH
J07/P2/Q1 AIRLINE INDUSTRY LOSSES
N07/P2/Q1 THE ROYAL MAIL
J08/P2/Q1 UK RAILWAY OPERATION
N08/P2/Q1 POPULATION IN BOTSWANA
J09/P2/Q1 ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UGANDA
N09/P2/Q1
J10/P2/Q1 ECONOMIC DOWNTURN PUTS PRESSURE ON NEW ZEALAND FIRMS TO BE MORE
PRODUCTIVE 221
N10/P2/Q1 THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK MEETS IN INDONESIA
J11/P2/Q1 THE DHAKA STOCK EXCHANGE IS DOING WELL
N11/P2/Q1 THE STRUGGLES OF THE IVORY COAST’S COCOA FARMERS
J12/P2/Q1 CHINA DECIDES TO MOVE TOWARDS A MORE FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE
N12/P2/Q1 A NEW CITY IS TO BE BUILT IN GHANA
J13/P2/Q1 THE COMMUNICATIONS MONOPOLY IN MEXICO
N13/P2/Q1 PRICES RISE FASTER THAN WAGES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (UK)
J14/P2/Q1 THE CHALLENGES FACING ANGOLA
N14/P2/Q1 FISCAL POLICY AND AN AGEING POPULATION IN JAPAN
J15/P2/Q1 PERU AND PANAMA
NOVEMBER 2015 PAPER 22
JUNE 2016 PAPER 22
NOVEMBER 2016 PAPER 22
JUNE 2017 PAPER 22
NOVEMBER 2017 PAPER 22